Chapter 70, 76, 77 & "The Long journey"

 In chapter 70 The author talks about how globalization as we know it today is, just cooperate dominated, neoliberal globalization, but argues that this system of globalization can be changed with counter hegemonic globalization. This type of globalization is where transnational social movements are put in place to make a stronger, more sustainable globalization system. This chapter also shows examples of how social movements helped people that needed them, but while also explaining that these movements face challenges like balancing human rights with cultural norms for different countries, fixing the global inequalities of the North and South. Environmental movements target ecological problems as best as they can while also keeping in mind the things citizens need to thrive. This is gets harder and harder to do the poorer the country is. Despite challenges The author explains that these uniting ideas of democracy, human rights, and life sustainability unite people together and allow them to have a say about what they care about.

Chapter 76 speaks about how the expanding right-wing political view and Brexit show a future problem between globalist and nationalist in wester democracies. A main reason why the globalist and nationalist are at odds are not only because of economic inequalities, but because of the views they have are going against each other. The society that's gaining wealth tend to have more globalist views on life while the poorer societies have more nationalist views that focus on cultural stability, national loyalty, and shared identity. This means that countries that are starting to gain money are more likely to adopt right-wing views about life because those views and policies are how they built themselves up. Immigration is one of the biggest things each side debates about. nationalist believe that the movement of people and cultures are a good thing, while nationalist don't necessarily like immigration because they believe immigration is a threat to social cohesion and cultural norms. 

In chapter 77 Pankaj Mishra argues that modern extremism is not a rejection of modernity or limited to specific cultures, but rather its a result of rapid social and economic changed due to globalization that created these inequalities and weakened traditional structures. These changes made way for community anger and identity based movements that allowed extremist and populist leaders to use the peoples frustration to their advantage. 

The E-reserve reading brings everything together by focusing on progress from an individual point of view, especially within Mexican society and migration. It explains how globalization has reduced demand for small farmers and reshaped the economy, pushing many people to migrate—often to the United States—as a way to survive, even if it means taking low-paying, difficult jobs. The reading shows both the negative aspects of migration, such as separation from family and poor living conditions, and the positive ones, like being able to send money home or save for a house. Overall, it suggests that migration can offer opportunities, but it is also a result of global economic systems that do not benefit everyone equally.