Chapter 64, 2 articles

 Chapter 64 is telling us that transnational environment groups are influencing politics by shaping public opinions about environmental protections rather than looking toward the government for help. Paul Wapner explains the idea that politics can happen outside of states due to social movements that influence norms, ideas, and everyday behavior. Environmental groups like Greenpeace works to spread the idea Wapner calls "ecological sensibility" where everyone has a shared sense of responsibility, and awareness for protecting the earth. This sensibility is like a set of laws we uphold our selves to that influence behaviors through our beliefs rather than what the government tells us what is right and wrong. The organization has grown so large that is has many offices in many countries, thousands of staff, and enough influence to participate in campaigns talking about toxic waste, and ocean ecology. To spread their message, Greenpeace uses media to influence their cause. They take actions like confronting wailing ships, or protesting at polluting factories. By doing actions like this and going to social media to spread their message, they are publicizing environmental destruction and inspiring public concern to shape global awareness and influence people and organizations to act in a more environmentally friendly way. 

This situation relates closely to the ideas discussed in Chapter 64 of The Globalization Reader. The chapter describes how environmental problems are increasingly addressed by organizations that work across national boundaries. Groups such as Greenpeace draw global attention to environmental issues through protests, media campaigns, and other public actions. Because these organizations include members from many countries, they can raise awareness about environmental problems occurring in different parts of the world and link them to broader global challenges. The chapter also highlights an ongoing debate about how environmental change happens. Some believe governments must lead efforts to protect the environment, while others argue that public awareness and activism are what ultimately pressure governments to take action.

The New York Times article “The Barbados Rebellion” presents another perspective on how global systems influence smaller nations. Barbados is facing serious financial difficulties while also coping with climate change impacts such as stronger hurricanes and periods of drought. The country’s prime minister has criticized international financial institutions for providing aid that comes with strict economic requirements. These conditions can make it more difficult for Barbados to rebuild and pursue policies that best serve its citizens. The article illustrates how smaller countries can have less control over their economic choices when powerful international organizations and investors play a major role.

Taken together, these readings demonstrate how environmental challenges, economic structures, and political power are deeply interconnected in today’s global system.