Chapters 22, 27, 33

In these 3 chapter readings, I learned that globalization is forged by powerful organizations and institutions to create what it is today. However, the effects are felt differently and are widespread throughout the globe.

In Chapter 22, I learned that the US is influencing global grade amongst many other nations. As the US continues to dominate China's economic growth, it maintains the key global systems that it controls. Some of which include tech and innovative systems, financial reserves, and cultural/market systems. All of this allows them to shape how international trade is being run. The United States is also referred to as the country that has the "sticky" economic superpower, as referred to in the title of the chapter. This is letting other economists know that they retain the general control of the global economy. 

Chapter 27 of 'The Globalization Reader' provides us with the idea that not all parts of the globe feel satisfied with how globalization is unfolding. Certain areas, like East Asia, are benefiting, while other areas, like Latin America and Africa, are being harmed by globalization. A lot of East Asian countries, such as South Korea and Singapore, have a lot more control over global markets and government involvement. They also got to control the pace and terms of Globalization in their countries. Countries like Argentina, Zambia & Ghana have been hit hard in the late 1900s and early 2000s from social spending cuts,  capital-market exposure, and little control over anything. 

We are presented with different views and opinions in Chapter 33 on IMF programs. IMF loans are helpful to some, as they can aid in preserving a country's payment balances. Though the chapter did talk about some cons. Some studies show that the IMF frequently fails to promote sustainable economic growth. Other research even shows that it has reduced countries' economic upswing.